CBT

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Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs) are best practice guidelines for the treatment of substance abuse, provided as a service of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT). This TIP, published in 2008, is primarily concerned with outlining key elements of programming for co-occurring disorders in substance abuse treatment agencies. A secondary audience is mental health agencies and other service systems that seek to coordinate mental health and substance abuse services for their clients who need both.

Clients are said to have co-occurring disorders when they have one or more disorders relating to the use of alcohol and/or other drugs of abuse as well as one or more mental disorders, diagnosed independently of each other. The TIP begins with an overview of recent developments in the treatment of this large and highly diverse population. Subsequent chapters detail assessment, diagnosis, and treatment at the level of the system as well as specific approaches and techniques.

On the same web page as the TIP are a suite of related products, including inservice training materials and “Quick Guides” for addiction treatment clinicians, mental health clinicians, and program administrators,

TIP 42: Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders (free – online)

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This isn’t really particularly MI-related, but this clear, comprehensive, and well-organized workbook is one of the best I have seen yet at applying the proven methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy for habit change in a self-help format. I’m including it for MI practitioners who want a model for how to present basic habit change concepts and techniques to their patients, or who want a resource for their “action stage” patients who may prefer self-help to professional guidance.

Learn more about “The Habit Change Workbook” on Amazon.com or continue for my detailed review.

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NREPP logoTelephone Monitoring and Adaptive Counseling (TMAC), the treatment approach outlined in Telephone Continuing Care Therapy for Adults, has been reviewed by National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP).  We got a very favorable review for both the quality of research supporting the treatment approach, as well as its readiness for dissemination.

NREPP is a searchable online registry of mental health and substance abuse interventions that have been reviewed and rated by independent reviewers. The purpose of the registry is to assist the public in identifying approaches to preventing and treating mental and/or substance use disorders that have been scientifically tested and that can be readily disseminated to the field. NREPP is a program of the US Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

NREPP | Telephone Monitoring and Adaptive Counseling (TMAC).

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Telephone Continuing Care coverMind if I blow my own horn? For the past several years, I’ve been working with Dr. Jim McKay at the University of Pennsylvania on studies testing the effectiveness of telephone-based continuing care for adults with alcohol and cocaine dependence. This adaptive telephone-based approach is intended to make continuing care more acceptable to clients who cannot or will not return to the clinic for a typical course of “aftercare.” Our model is primarily based on cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention, but includes Motivational Interviewing to boost motivation to maintain or regain abstinence. The program has been found effective in 3 consecutive studies, and a fourth trial, still under way, looks promising as well. Now Hazelden has made our treatment manual available to the professional community.

The book includes an overview of the program and the therapy models on which it is based, detailed instructions for providing all phases of the treatment program, and adaptive algorithms for stepped care. An included CD-ROM contains supplemental materials and printable clinical forms. You can read the first chapter online at the Hazelden bookstore site.

Learn more about Telephone Continuing Care Therapy for Adults at Hazelden Bookstore

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Motivational interventions based on MI are one aspect of integrated treatment for co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders.   SAMHSA Evidence-Based Practices KITs (Knowledge Informing Transformation) are intended to facilitate implementation of EBP’s in the community.  This KIT, published in 2010, appears to replace the previous Integrated Treatment “Toolkit.”  Included are materials for staff, supervisors, trainers, program administrators, community  authorities, and consumers.  Unfortunately, to the best of my knowledge, there are still no videos demonstrating MI-based interventions adapted for people with serious mental illnesses.  The KIT is available for free online or by mail.  

Treatment, Prevention, & Recovery>Integrated Treatment for Co-Occurring Disorders Evidence-Based Practices KIT | SAMHSA.

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MI founder Bill Miller, recently retired from the University of New Mexico, has posted work spanning his entire career on his new website. It’s a nice way to view the development and testing of MI into a personal and professional context.

William R. Miller’s personal website.

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According to the foreword by Barbara McCrady, Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change is not a “how to do” manual but rather a “how to think” manual. It is also extremely practical – after all, once you know how to think about something, you know what to do about it. Furthermore, this isn’t a dry or abstract textbook; it includes clear direction as to how to apply the model and many illustrative case examples. I recommend Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change to clinicians or students seeking both a rigorous evaluation of the stage model and detailed guidance as to how to apply it in practice.
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This integrative psychosocial treatment approach to alcohol abuse and dependence includes elements of MI/MET, CBT, and facilitated self-help involvement. Tested in Project COMBINE. The manual is not particularly clinician-friendly; it reads like a “cookbook” for alcoholism treatment.  However, is an excellent resource for those willing to look past the efforts at standardization (necessary in a research study). Includes numerous handouts for use in treatment. Also worth noting: the Project COMBINE Medical Management Manual uses an educational approach (NOT MI-based) to improve adherence to medical treatments for alcoholism.

Available from NIAAA for $18.00.  Medical Management Manual is available online in PDF format for free.

COMBINE Manuals .

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“Get Your Loved One Sober” is a self-help book based on Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) – a cognitive-behavioral approach proven to help family members of alcoholics improve their quality of life and increase the chances that their loved ones will reduce or quit drinking. As the authors note, this book is designed for people who feel they have “tried it all.” The “Alternatives” of the title offer a constructive way for people to attempt to influence their loved one’s drinking behavior. Unlike approaches that rely on confrontational intervention on one hand, or detachment on the other, CRAFT teaches nonconfrontational engagement with the drinker, guided by empirically supported behavioral principles.
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Practicing Harm Reduction Psychotherapy presents an alternative to the dominant “abstinence only” approach to addictions. The author’s eclectic model of treatment draws on MI, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and cognitive-behavior therapy among others. This book is primarily geared toward therapists in general practice and assumes relatively little background in substance abuse treatment, but it can also serve as an introduction to a more “psychotherapeutic” approach for counselors with backgrounds in more traditional substance abuse treatment.

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