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MI founder Bill Miller, recently retired from the University of New Mexico, has posted work spanning his entire career on his new website. It’s a nice way to view the development and testing of MI into a personal and professional context.

William R. Miller’s personal website.

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This is old news by now, but Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Enhancement Therapy have received the NREPP seal of approval as evidence-based practices in substance abuse treatment.

The National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP) is a searchable online registry of mental health and substance abuse interventions that have been reviewed and rated by independent reviewers. The purpose of the registry is to assist the public in identifying approaches to preventing and treating mental and/or substance use disorders that have been scientifically tested and that can be readily disseminated to the field. NREPP is a program of the US Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

NREPP review of Motivational Interviewing
NREPP review of Motivational Enhancement Therapy

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The Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions at the University of New Mexico is currently conducting a randomized control trial funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in which they will be providing free motivational interviewing (MI) training to providers (counselors, psychologists, medical doctors, social workers, nurses) who work in the field of substance abuse. They are recruiting providers who have minimal experience with motivational interviewing and work in a not-for-profit setting.

One person per agency or setting will be able to participate in this study. Eligible clinicians will participate (with grant support) in a two-day MI training in Albuquerque, NM, which will be held November 17 – 18, 2009. For more information, see the Project Elicit web page.

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Overview of the Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model, from the URI Cancer Prevention Research Center, where the model was developed.

CPRC Transtheoretical Model

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This is a remarkably useful edited text. Published in 2007, it describes novel MI applications in the treatment of anxiety, depression, PTSD, suicidal behavior, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, gambling addictions, schizophrenia, and dual diagnoses. Also addressed are MI approaches in the criminal justice system. Each chapter provides a concise overview of the disorder or population under discussion; describes how MI has been integrated with standard treatment approaches; illustrates the nuts and bolts of intervention, using vivid clinical examples; and reviews the empirical evidence base. The relevance and practicality of the case examples and discussion make it obvious that the authors of each chapter have actual clinical experience with the population about which they are writing.

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If you attended one of my workshops, you may have heard me refer to the “MI Sandwich” intervention. Well, here it is. This site includes materials for implementing MI in the initial assessment in outpatient substance abuse treatment, as tested in the NIDA Clinical Trials Network MI study. The materials are geared toward assisting supervisors to teach front-line staff to incorporate MI in their work.  Includes a number of teaching tools and sample sessions in English and Spanish. I’m especially pleased about the outcome of the clinical trial, because I co-wrote the treatment manual used in the study!

MIA:STEP Blending Product – NIDA/SAMHSA Blending Initiative – ATTC Network.

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According to the foreword by Barbara McCrady, Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change is not a “how to do” manual but rather a “how to think” manual. It is also extremely practical – after all, once you know how to think about something, you know what to do about it. Furthermore, this isn’t a dry or abstract textbook; it includes clear direction as to how to apply the model and many illustrative case examples. I recommend Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change to clinicians or students seeking both a rigorous evaluation of the stage model and detailed guidance as to how to apply it in practice.
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Addiction and Change is Transtheoretical Model (TTM) co-developer Carlo DiClemente’s review and update of the TTM as it applies specifically to addictive behaviors. The TTM, often referred to as the Stages-of-Change model, has become popular because it provides a clinically useful way of understanding what goes on when people decide to make a change. While encyclopedic in scope, this book is clearly written and not overly dense. I recommend it to anyone who wants to understand the stages and processes of change on more than a superficial level.
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Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a humanistic approach to motivation which posits that people do best when they feel in control of their own lives. This interesting but flawed book provides an overview of SDT and the research supporting it, and goes on to illustrate how health care practitioners can apply SDT toward motivating patients to engage more fully in treatment. My interest in SDT comes from the opposite perspective: having seen how Motivational Interviewing can facilitate change in diverse health behaviors, I was interested in a broader theoretical account of the processes that might be at work.
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If change were easy, a lot of us (psychologists, counselors, health care providers) would be out of work. Still, that doesn’t stop us from complaining about those clients and patients who just won’t do what we think is in their best interest. Motivational Interviewing, a “client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation,” was developed specifically to help faciliate change in “resistant” populations and has been embraced by addictions treatment and general health care professionals alike. The entirely re-written, highly readable, second edition of Motivational Interviewing updates readers on the state of the art and science of MI, and provides a practical guide for helping people to make all kinds of behavior changes.
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